The Crusible Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible, John Proctor

The Crusible The Crucible The Crucible was a story with a wide range of characters. Not only appearance wise but, with different personalities a together. Many characters in this play thought differently from one and other. That is why this book had a few twists and turns to the story. In my profiles, I will display many different characters and theirs different mentality. First I will start with Mr. John Proctor, a.k.a. shoulder checker. John Proctor had always things on his mind. People were always on his mind. John Proctor was always looking out for his mistakes or errors, not because he was picky, but his enemies and competition were. John Proctor was always think out the final result of a situation, like when Betty was spiritually reposed early in the book (Act I, pages 6-12). John Proctor did not care about as Betty as much as the final opinion that the town would have on Proctors white and pure name. Much can be said about Proctors giving and understanding, but I dont want to waste that line. Proctors caring and willing to give people thanks was not his best feature. Proctor was always thing about him, himself and no one else, except the final outcome of the whole situation. Take for example the fellow that wanted to get some tree off Proctors land. Even though Proctor had probably no knowledge of the trees on his land, he still wanted a piece of the pie. Proctor wanted always money. He was money hungry and cheap. Basically Proctor was a would be if he could be. Proctor was always trying to fit into the high class crowd. He would flash his power and money on the middle class or poorer people. But when Proctor was around people like Hale (Hale was well educated and stood up for thins kind of guy) he would try to act up to his class but he couldnt really because inside he really knew he couldnt. Then the one life ending, marriage-destroying fault that Proctor would ever do was sleep with Abigail. That action right there would kill Proctor not physically (yet) but mentally would haunt him later ... his wife. The perfect example was when Hale approached John and Elizabeth Proctor. John Proctor was asked if he could name the seven commandments (Act II, page 65). John Proctor (with Elizabeth by his side) was able to name them all except the most crucial one, for John Proctor, Adultery. With Elizabeth knowing all the information before hand, she was totally convinced that John Proctor was indeed guilty of committing the sin of Adultery with Abigail Williams. I think John Proctor did change towards the end of the play because of he mood and situation that he was in. At the end (Act II) John Proctor was being executed and he truly did love his wife. His moods and heart changed to tell Elizabeth how he really felt about her. John really did love her. John Proctors attitude really did change form me, myself and I, to who is in need the most besides me. The next character I will talk about is Abigail Williams. Abigail was the sour apple of the bunch in this book, but really couldn't help it because it's hard to be a sweet apple when the roots of the tree you came from were sour. Abigail was an orphan and all. She used her body to get things or people she wanted to. Even though Abigail was almost an adult, by many she was still basically treated like a child, to be seen but not to be heard. This was the attitude in town for all of the children. I think Abigails most interesting feature is that she lies through thick and thin. At the end of Act II, Abigail (under oath) was lying in order to save herself. The point is Abigail didn't care to whom she is lying. It could be a judge or even Proctor it really didnt make a difference to her as long as she was able to save herself. The way she lies was sometimes quite entertaining. In Act III, Abigail thought there was a bird on the ceiling and did a good job convincing every one else that there

The Fugitive Slave Act essays

The Fugitive Slave Act essays As the evolution of this report on Fugitive Slave Act goes into progression you will learn about what this act changed in the world we live in today. This report will help you understand what differences this Act bought forth to the nation in a whole. I will cover plenty of aspects to make up what the Fugitive Slave Act stood for. On January 29, 1850, the 70-year-old Clay presented a compromise. For eight months members of Congress, led by Clay, Daniel Webster, Senator from Massachusetts, and John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina, debated the compromise. With the help of Stephen Douglas, a young Democrat from Illinois, a series of bills that would make up the compromise were ushered through Congress. The Fugitive Slave Act was created in 1850 as a part of groups of laws. Those laws were in reference to the Compromise of 1850. It was created in the compromise that antislavery advocated to the gain of California to be as a free state. The group of laws that were created mandated the return of runaway slaves, regardless of where in the Union they might be situated at the time of their discovery or capture.(Foner)Along with the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the ratification of Kansas' admission for free statehood; this legislation is part of the chain of events which culminated in the American Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act stated that slavery question would be decided by popular sovereignty. In addition, Fugitive Slave Act prohibited slave-trading in the District of Columbia and also required that the citizens be assistants in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It also denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. Ironically, the passage of this law grew great resentment by the abolitionists. The abolitionists detested the law because majority of the Americans embraced the law. The reason this act was created to free slaves and make abolitionists resolve their differences and put an end to slavery. Even though it was ...

Suez Canal History and Overview

Suez Canal History and Overview The Suez Canal, located in Egypt, is a canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Gulf of Suez, a northern branch of the Red Sea. It officially opened in November 1869. Suez Canal Construction History Although the Suez Canal wasnt officially completed until 1869, there is a long history of interest in connecting both the Nile River in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It is believed that the first canal in the area was constructed between the Nile River delta and the Red Sea in the 13th Century B.C.E. During the 1,000 years following its construction, the original canal was neglected and its use finally stopped in the 8th Century.​ Napoleons Canal Plan The first modern attempts to build a canal came in the late 1700s when Napoleon Bonaparte conducted an expedition to Egypt. He believed that building a French-controlled canal on the Isthmus of Suez would cause trade problems for the British as they would either have to pay dues to France or continue sending goods over land or around the southern part of Africa. Studies for Napoleons canal plan began in 1799 but a miscalculation in measurement showed the sea levels between the Mediterranean and the Red Seas as being too different for a canal to be feasible and construction immediately stopped. Universal Suez Ship Canal Company The next attempt to build a canal in the area occurred in the mid-1800s when a French diplomat and engineer, Ferdinand de Lesseps, convinced the Egyptian viceroy Said Pasha to support the building of a canal. In 1858, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was formed and given the right to begin construction of the canal and operate it for 99 years, after which time, the Egyptian government would take over control of the canal. At its founding, the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was owned by French and Egyptian interests. Construction of the Suez Canal officially began on April 25, 1859. It opened ten years later on November 17, 1869, at a cost of $100 million. Significant Impact on World Trade Almost immediately after its opening, the Suez Canal had a significant impact on world trade as goods were moved around the world in record time. In 1875, debt forced Egypt to sell its shares in ownership of the Suez Canal to the United Kingdom. However, an international convention in 1888 made the canal available for all ships from any nation to use. Conflicts Over Use and Control Shortly thereafter, conflicts began to arise over use and control of the Suez Canal. In 1936 for example, the U.K. was given the right to maintain military forces in the Suez Canal Zone and control entry points. In 1954, Egypt and the U.K. signed a seven-year contract that resulted in the withdrawal of British forces from the canal area and allowed Egypt to take control of the former British installations. In addition, with the creation of Israel in 1948, the Egyptian government prohibited the use of the canal by ships coming and going from the country. The Suez Crisis Also in the 1950s, the Egyptian government was working on a way to finance the Aswan High Dam. Initially, it had support from the United States and the U.K. but in July 1956, both nations withdrew their support and the Egyptian government seized and nationalized the canal so passage fees could be used to pay for the dam. On October 29 of that same year, Israel invaded Egypt and two days later Britain and France followed on grounds that passage through the canal was to be free. In retaliation, Egypt blocked the canal by intentionally sinking 40 ships. These events were known as the Suez Crisis. A Truce and Later Egypt Takes Control In November 1956, the Suez Crisis ended when the United Nations arranged a truce between the four nations. The Suez Canal then reopened in March 1957 when the sunken ships were removed. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the Suez Canal was closed several more times because of conflicts between Egypt and Israel. In 1962, Egypt made its final payments for the canal to its original owners (the Universal Suez Ship Canal Company) and the nation took full control of the Suez Canal. 101 Miles Long and 984 Feet Wide Today, the Suez Canal is operated by the Suez Canal Authority. The canal itself is 101 miles (163 km) long and 984 feet (300 m) wide. It begins at the Mediterranean Sea at Point Said flows through Ismailia in Egypt, and ends at Suez on the Gulf of Suez. It also has a railroad running its entire length parallel to its west bank. The Suez Canal can accommodate ships with a vertical height (draft) of 62 feet (19 m) or 210,000 deadweight tons. Most of the Suez Canal is not wide enough for two ships to pass side by side. To accommodate this, there is one shipping lane and several passing bays where ships can wait for others to pass. No Locks The Suez Canal has no locks because the  Mediterranean Sea and the Red Seas Gulf of Suez have approximately the same water level. It takes around 11 to 16 hours to pass through the canal and ships must travel at low speed to prevent erosion of the canals banks by the ships waves. The Significance of the Suez Canal In addition to dramatically reducing transit time for trade worldwide, the Suez Canal is one of the worlds most significant waterways as it supports 8% of the worlds shipping traffic and almost 50 ships pass through the canal daily. Because of its narrow width, the canal is also considered a significant geographic chokepoint as it could easily be blocked and disrupt this flow of trade. Future plans for the Suez Canal include a project to widen and deepen the canal to accommodate the passage of larger and more ships at one time.

Service management marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Service management marketing - Case Study Example The nature of the relationship between each service-oriented facility and the end consumer is based on separate transactions that can occur continuously, that is, a client can buy or sell an item through EBay and Amazon at any time, but each physical sales transaction is a singular event. The benefits of EBay and Amazon to sellers are global recognition and ease of use. Each service allows any retailer or private party to advertise their product via the Internet, and so each product has the potential of reaching millions of viewers internationally. The service encounter is fairly well-received, although due to the direct nature, a person may experience difficulties with a particular seller or buyer. The service facilities of both EBay and Amazon are Internet based E-commerce. Service interaction is mainly the computer interface, although this can also be done by cellular phone, PDA, and any other medium of connecting to the Internet. The role of customers in EBay and Amazon is highly imperative to the service. Each customer can be defined as a buyer or seller of a product, and in turn these people can review and leave feedback for interactions of other buyers and sellers of products. Direct contact with EBay and Amazon is rare in the person to person domain; however, both companies have continuous updates, newsletters, service additions, and so forth that are centered on improving the customer experience. The concern is that these communications are largely one-way, contact with EBay and Amazon disseminates from EBay or Amazon, and not from the customer. Demand for EBay services is high. Recently, Bob Swan CFO of EBay announced at the at Merrill Lynch Internet, Software & Services Conference that: the biggest piece of it [EBay] is the large and growing core business, or the eBay platform. With a global presence in 33 markets, transacting $1,800 of goods per day, with over -- I'm sorry -- per second -- with over 6.6 million new listings added per day, and 45,000 developers leveraging our APIs, we've grown from over 222 million users on this site as we exit 2006. And we've processed $52 billion of global merchandise value on the site during the course of 2006, as a whole (Fair Disclosure Wire pp 7 2007). Amazon has similar consumer demand structure, with 9.7 billion dollars in annual revenue, but where EBay applies a global presents, multi-functional consumerism and value strategy, Amazon appeals to the customer services and their capabilities, according to Adam Selipsky, vice president, product management and developer relations, Amazon.com Inc: "As with most good ideas, we come at things from two different directions: What do people need, and what can we do well" says Selipsky. "We look internally and ask, 'what do we have built, or what can we build with our world-class engineering talent that would justify creating a business"' (Cone p 51 2007).

LOG501 Case SLP 4 Queuing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LOG501 Case SLP 4 Queuing Analysis - Essay Example In relation to industrial issues, EESC primarily focuses upon the facets which are related with environmental impacts. Among these industries, defense industry, nautical industry and fashion industry are the major concerns of EESC regarding their impacts upon the environment (European Economic and Social Committee, 2012). Defense industry is also known as military industry which comprises government as well as business enterprises that perform research, manufacturing, development and services of military equipments and essential materials. In Europe, military budget is quite fragmented and consists of huge replication within research & development of this industry (European Economic and Social Committee, 2012). Nautical industry involves in several activities such as ship building as well as recreational crafts for customers’ entertainment, for maritime police as well as for business purposes. This industry obtains efficient support from European Union regarding business, envi ronmental policies and attains standardization for developing provisions as well as managerial procedures. Europe’s nautical industry is involved in over 37,000 business activities where more than 234,000 people are operating and its annual turnover is 20 billion Euros (European Commission, 2013). In Europe, fashion industry is considered as a diverse as well as a heterogeneous industry which performs a significant number of activities from transformation of fibers and yarns to the manufacturing of several kinds of apparel products. This sector plays an imperative role for the European manufacturing industry (European Economic and Social Committee, 2012). Figure: Co-decision Procedure of EESC Sources: (European Commission, 2007) Industries and Transportation Modes of EESC In relation to nautical industry, EESC has organized an initiative program in Genova, Italy in order to hear the opinions of the industry players regarding business related issues. Due to the economic downtu rn in the year 2009, this sector has faced a substantial loss of 46, 000 jobs and the overall turnover has decreased by EUR 3.4 billion. More than 98% of this sector consists of small and medium-scale enterprises for which this crisis has had a drastic impact. Service activity of this industry comprises the development as well as the management of 4500 European recreational ports. Moreover, it conducts several trade shows regarding business and educational purposes. Moreover, this industry boasts of 66,000 km of coastline and is considered as one of the leading pathways for business and navigation purposes (European Commission, 2013). The European defense industry makes a leading contribution in order to provide security as well as ensure protection of European community members. The major objective of defense industrial policy is to create an innovative and viable ‘European Defense Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB)’. Additionally, EDTIB is considered as a signi ficant prerequisite in order to improve the effectiveness of Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Moreover, EDTIB also delivers capability and affordability to the nations in order to undertake international progression regarding the development and manufacturing of military equipments. Defense policy of this industry inspires member states and EU

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy Essay Example for Free

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy Essay The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) have a Code of Ethics called the ‘Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy’. The framework was first published in 2002 and was reviewed in 2013. Within the Code of Ethics it states what the ethical principles and personal moral qualities are (in this piece of work I shall be explaining 4 of them). The ethical principles that I found in the BACPs Ethical Framework were (as follows): Being trustworthy Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice Self-respect The personal moral qualities that I found in the BACPs Ethical Framework were (as follows): Empathy Integrity Respect Competence Sincerity Resilience Humility Fairness Courage The ethical principles and personal moral qualities that I shall be explaining are: Autonomy Beneficence Humility Non-maleficence Autonomy is â€Å"respect for the client’s right to be self-governing† (that is what the framework says). This means allowing the clients to make their decisions independently if they wish to. This principle highlights the importance of reinforcing a client’s ability to be independent in all aspects of their live. Beneficence is â€Å"acting within the best interests of the client based upon the  assessments† (that is what the framework says). This means working closely on an individual’s level of competence and ensuring that there are services that the individual can access with the suitable training/experience. Humility is â€Å"the ability to assess accurately and acknowledge one’s own strengths and weaknesses† (that is what the framework says). This means working to the best of a counsellor’s ability and knowing their own strengths and weaknesses and knowing that if they cannot manage something then they must seek advice from supervision. Non-maleficence is â€Å"avoiding sexual, financial, emotional or any other form of client exploitation; avoiding incompetence or malpractice; not providing services when unfit to do so due to illness, personal circumstances or intoxication† (that is what the framework says). This means that the counsellor has the responsibility to prevent the client from any harm that may happen whilst the client is in their care due to them being vulnerable. Reference: http://www.bacp.co.uk/admin/structure/files/pdf/9479_ethical%20framework%20jan2013.pdf This is the website/document that I used to access the information to help me write this piece of work on 09/09/2014 at 14:19

Aimee Benders The Rememberer and Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay

The characters in Aimee Bender's â€Å"The Rememberer† and Franz Kafka's â€Å"The Metamorphosis† are all adjusting to life after their love ones started to change. On each story the characters behaviors change and the reaction to each citation take a different perspective on life. Bender’s â€Å"The Rememberer† the narrator and Ben are lovers presenting a physical and intellectual connection to each other sadness â€Å"He was always sad about the word. It was a large reason why I love him. We’d sit together and be sad and think about being sad and sometimes discuss sadness† (Bender 101). The narrator becomes sadder as Ben transform from a human to an ape, and finally a sea turtle. She is aware that Ben is somewhere inside the ape. At first she wanted to find the reason for the transformation. She becomes his protector, telling strangers and coworker he was ill, she did not want anything to happen to Ben. Then she fells lonely and she want to â€Å"to take care of my lover like a son, a pet† (Bender 102), hoping to retain Ben as long as she could. But the reality was that he is gone and she could not see him again. She finally realizes she have to let him go, because it was difficult for her to continue to see Ben in these conditions and without a sign of the human being she love so much. The characters of Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† are similar in the aspect that the family members of Gregor the main character are going to a transformation as well. But they take a different approach than the Narrator and Ben in Bender’s â€Å"The Rememberer†. In Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis Gregor is traveler salesman that becomes a giant insect. He is his family providers and this transformation jeopardizes his job. As he struggles with his physical condition and worri... ...ntil people do not become familiar and educated they do not know how to handle such situations. These histories have a relation to people suffering with mental or physical conditions. The person affected by such personal change may do not understand what is happening to them, while the family and friends may do not how to approach changes. They may feel alone and make difficult decisions like separate them for the ill person. Instead of providing the love and comfort on times of need we become cowards and look the other way pretending nothing is happening. WORK CITED Bender, Aimee. "The Rememberer.† The Story and Its Writer. Charters, Ann. Compact 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/ST. Martin's, 2011. 100-102. PRINT. Kafka, Franz. "The Metamorphosis." The Story and Its Writer. Charters, Ann. Compact 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/ST. Martin's, 2011. 471-505. PRINT.

Batterd Woman’s Syndrome

Shrouded in myth, distortions and grotesque stereotypes the public profile of a battered woman who kills her intimate partner is a misunderstood phenomenon. Throughout the course of history women were viewed as property, powerless victims of a patriarchal social political and legal system. Family television programs in the 1950’s satirized while minimizing aspects of spousal abuse.Comedian Jackie Gleason portrayed the beloved character Ralph Cramdon and memorialized the prime time phrase while chastising his small screen wife. â€Å"To the moon with you Alice,† red-faced and frantically waving a balled up fist at the now passive Alice.The scene was punctuated with the live audience roaring with laughter at the comedian’s folly. Acts of partner violence were committed behind closed doors in the family home. The criminal justice system offered scant protection to victims of spousal abuse. Assaults committed behind closed doors went unreported viewed as private fami ly matters. The criminal justice system could offer no protection to victims of spousal abuse. On the contrary victims of domestic violence were shunned and shamed into suffering in fear and collective silence.Those bold enough to ask for protection from abuse were turned away if not legally married to their abuser. However, the pleas of countless nameless faceless victims of domestic violence were honored with the unyielding commitment of grassroots advocates in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Dr Lenore Walker, a renowned forensic psychologist, feminist and researcher established the concept of â€Å"Battered Woman’s Syndrome (BWS)† According to Walker, the rubric of BWS consists of two co-existing elements: â€Å"The cycle of domestic violence and classic symptoms of learned helplessness† (Walker1984).Walker’s concept of Battered Woman’s Syndrome emerged as a component in legal defenses, â€Å"when battered women killed in self defense†(Walker 2004). According to Walker BWS â€Å"‘describes a pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women in battering relationships’†{Balkin(2005)}. Battered Woman’s Syndrome is not a sanctioned legal defense. However, it is recognized as,â€Å" part of the doctrine of self-defense so as to establish the belief of the woman that she was in danger of death or bodily injury†(National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women (2006).According to Battered Woman’s Syndrome attorney, Mira Mihajiovich, â€Å"testimony concerning BWS is used to support a battered woman’s self-defense claim, not to explain away her actions or give her a special defense that would allow her to ‘destroy her tormentor at her own discretion†(Balkin 2005). At the heart of the Battered Woman’s Syndrome phenomenon is desperation and gut wrenching terror. To fully grasp BWS one must embrace the framework and emotionally char ged dynamics associated with chronic abuse and spousal battering.Domestic violence is described by the National Center for Victims of Crimes as, â€Å"the willful intimidation, assault, battery, sexual assault or other abusive behaviors perpuiated by an intimate partner against another†(Domestic Violence Facts; National Collation against Domestic Violence 2001). Although the concept of Battered Woman’s Syndrome emerged in the 1970’s the â€Å"U. S. legal system was slow to accept BWS as a factor in the self defense pleas of battered women accused of murdering their batterers†(Balkin 2005).Prior to the late 1980’s an abused woman’s â€Å"psychological state and the brutality and violence she suffered at the hands of her batterer could not be used at her trial†(Balkin 2005). However, with public education and exposure to domestic abuse the rays of enlightenment expanded into the wooden paneled courtrooms nationwide. In Robinson v. State the Court examined the merits of the â€Å"Battered Spouse Syndrome in relation to the specific elements of self defense in a homicide case.The Court found ‘the unique perceptions of a defendant suffering from battered woman’s syndrome are generally compatible with the law of the State regarding self-defense’†(Robinson v State 308 S. C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992). Battered Woman's Syndrome has appeared as a component of the criminal trial process since the late 1970s. Testimony presented by experts in the field must be qualified by the Court before offering testify on the role the syndrome played in the homicide. The landmark case that opened the door for the use of Battered Woman's Syndrome (BWS) was State of Oregon v.Kelly (1985). The Court concluded in State v Kelly that, â€Å"BWS is admissible to aid juries in assessing a defendant's perception of danger posed by the abuser†(State v Kelly (1985). The 4th Circuit Court of Appeals for South Carol ina Court’s reasoning in Grubb v State was compatible with South Carolina’s Annotated Code 17-23-170(2001) which governs the â€Å"admissibility of expert testimony of the battered spouse syndrome†(Grubb v State 2003). Battered Woman’s Syndrome was first recognized in South Carolina when the S. C.Supreme Court in State v. Hill, 287 S. C. 398, 339 S. E. 2d 121(1986) held, â€Å" that expert testimony about battered spouse syndrome is admissible to establish a claim of self-defense in a homicide case. The Court further recognized that an, â€Å"emerging trend in other jurisdictions that find ‘the testimony is relevant to the issue of self-defense and highly probative of the defendant’s state of mind at the time of the incident’† (Id. At 400,339 S. E. 2d at 122). The Court echoed the Grubbs decision in Robinson v State 308 S.C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992) â€Å"examining the battered spouse syndrome in relation to the specific elem ents of self-defense in a homicide case. † â€Å"The Court found ‘the unique perceptions of a defendant suffering from battered woman’s syndrome are generally compatible with the law of this State regarding self-defense†( Id at 78,417 S. E. 2d at 91). It was judicial decisions such as these that established battered woman’s syndrome as a sanctioned legal premise. The South Carolina Court in Robinson v. State concluded:Our interpretation of the relationship between the battered woman’s syndrome and self-defense is cursory, at best, and should not be construed as this Court’s last word on the subject. Our law will continue to evolve as the scientific community’s understanding of the battered woman’s syndrome develops and society’s comprehension of the condition becomes more sophisticated† (Robinson v. State Id at 80,417 S. E. 2d at 92(1992). Bolstering this trend setting precedent was found in Section 17-23-170 of the South Carolina Code governing the â€Å"admissibility of expert testimony on battered woman’s syndrome states:(A) Evidence that the actor was suffering from the battered spouse syndrome is admissible in a criminal action on the issue of whether the actor lawfully acted in self-defense, defense of another, defense of necessity, or defense of duress. This section does not preclude the admission of testimony on battered spouse syndrome in other criminal actions {S. C. Code Ann. & 17-23-170 (Supp. 2001). Although great strides have been forged in the judicial arena a universal acceptance of the validity and application of BWS in spousal homicide cases does not exist.The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in Texas argued in Dixon v. U. S. expert testimony on BWS was â€Å"‘inherently subjective, and inadmissible to prove duress’† (Dixon v. U. S. 413 F. 3d 520 5th Cir. 2005). Testimony on BWS is recognized in 31 states giving rise to the quandary as to why som e jurisdictions embrace the concept while others rebuke it. â€Å"There’s a lot of skepticism with any type of psychiatric testimony and some Court’s are unconvinced that mental disorders and or emotional disorders are justifications for committing a crime {Walker (20060}.Some in the field raise concerns that widespread acceptance of BWS may lead to an increase in â€Å"false or exaggerated abuse claims† (Dixon (2006). â€Å"Many months after killing her husband, a woman may lie to an evaluating psychologist before trial, faking symptoms like depression and anxiety† (Dixon 2006). Domestic Violence and Battered Woman’s Syndrome Facts: 1. In 2000, an intimate partner killed 1,247 women and 440 men {U. S Dept of Justice (2005)}. In 1999, 74%or 1,218 or the 1,642 persons murdered by an intimate partner were female (Rennison, U. S.Dept of Justice, Bureau of Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim. 1993-99, (2001). 3. The concept of the battered woman’s syndrome was developed in reaction to the misapplication of the self-defense doctrine to battered woman when they kill their spouse (Schneider (2000) Elizabeth, Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking 117,135(2000)}. The United States Supreme Court has observed that almost four million women are the victims of severe assaults by their male partners every year. Thirty percent of female homicide victims are killed by their male partners (Planned Parenthood vs.Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791, 2826-2831 (1992). Each year, 2,000-4,000 women in the U. S. are murdered by abusive partners or ex-partners (American Bar Association, â€Å"American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence,† American Bar Association). Battered Woman's Syndrome falls under what the American Psychological Association defines as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, rather than a mental illness (National Center for Post-Traumatic Street Disorder, â€Å"What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? â €  U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 22 Feb. 2006).Outsiders frequently are puzzled. If things are so bad, why do women stay? Why do they kill? Why don’t they just leave? If a woman is being abused, why doesn’t she just pack her bags and get out. Those familiar with BWS and barriers plaguing victims of domestic violence encourage a greater empathy and understanding as to what motivates battered women to stay in abusive relationships. The Court in the People v. Aris, 215 Cal App 3d 1194, 264 Cal Rptr 167, 178 (1989) held that, â€Å"battered women tend to stay in abusive relationships for a number of reasons. â€Å"â€Å"The battered woman believes the violence is her fault, she has an inability to place the responsibility for the violence elsewhere. She fears for her life and or her children’s lives (Walker 2003). Many BWS victims â€Å"experience ‘learned helplessness,’ a condition brought about by the battered woman’s futile atte mpt to protect herself from her abuser†(Walker 2003). Battered women assume the burden for making the marriage work. Fears of economic insufficiency, scant job skills, many women feel trapped erroneously believing they would be at greater risk to leave.Thus it has been said the cycle-of-violence and passivity reinforces the perception of helplessness. Overtime, women’s ability to rationally evaluate the situation unfolding around becomes distorted. In the Matter of Glen G. and Josephine G. , 587 NYS 2d 464, 469 (1992) the concept of battered woman’s syndrome was described as â€Å"a breaking down of a woman's self confidence and self respect to a point where she no longer knows if she is crazy or not. † In recent years there has been a consorted effort to inform and educate the Courts on the complexities and cycles associated with domestic violence and battered women.In order for justice to prevail, it is crucial for the Courts to recognize the profound ps ychological trauma caused by Battered Woman’s Syndrome and acknowledge an isolated battered spouse is often controlled and dominated with raw terror. In many respects great strides have been made in enlightening the public and the Court’s about domestic violence and the prevalence of Battered Woman’s Syndrome. However, unrealistic stereotypes still persist and the public often turns a blind eye to the magnitude and implications violence against women imparts. It is uncomfortable to embrace.An ugly truth that corrupts the premise of a safe and happy family home. Many fear the recent appointments of staunch conservative Justices to the Supreme Court will hinder the strides and human rights made by advocates of battered women who kill in self-defense. The Four Psychological Stages Of Battered Woman Syndrome: Stage One: DENIAL The woman refuses to admit even to herself, that she has been beaten or that there is a problem in her marriage. She may call each incident a n accident. She offers excuses for her husband's violence and each time firmly believes it will never happen again.Stage Two: GUILT She now acknowledges there is a problem, but considers herself responsible for it. She deserves to be beaten, she feels because she has defects in her character and is not living up to her husband's expectations. Stage Three: ENLIGHTENMENT The woman no longer assumes responsibility for her husband's abusive treatment, recognizing that no one deserves to be beaten. She is still committed to her marriage though and stays with her husband hoping they can work things out. Stage Four: RESPONSIBILITYAccepting the fact that her husband will not, or cannot, stop his violent behavior, the battered woman decides she will no longer submit to it and starts a new life (Survivor's Empowerment Zone 2007). REFERENCES: Balkin Karen F. , (2003) â€Å"Introduction. † Current Controversies: Violence Against Women. Ed. Karen F Balkin San Diego Greenhaven Press. Depar tment of Veterans Affairs,(2006). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Dixon Wheeler John. , PhD, JD, An Essay on Battered Women, (2003) Grubb v State (2003) South Carolina Court of Appeals. National Center for Post-Traumatic Street Disorder. (2005)What is Battered Woman’s Syndrome?. National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women; (2006). Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791, 2826-2831 (1992). Rennison, (2001) U. S. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim. 1993-99, . Robinson v State 308 S. C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992). Schneider Elizabeth, (2000) Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking 117,135. State v. Hill, 287 S. C. 398, 339 S. E. 2d 121(1986). Survivor's Empowerment Zone (2007). http://www. angelfire. com. Walker, Lenore, E. Ed. D, Forensic Psychology Group, LLC.

Early American Literature Essay

Early American literature consisted mainly of diaries, journals, short stories, and Indian creation stories. Since some of the language used was of older English and other languages, early American literature was difficult to read. The first story I read was Spanish Explorers in the New World. This story was a journal of Cabeza de Vaca’s travels and discoveries in the New World. After having a shipwreck, he and his fellow sailors were made slaves of the Indians. They walked barefoot, bleeding and ate raw meat for food. He also described how one tribe took over land. De Vaca gave detailed accounts on how the Indians lived which I found interesting. The males lived in the estufas, while women lived in the house. For a proposal, the male would weave a blanket and place it before the female. Spanish Explorers In The New World was interesting because of the detail with the Indians as opposed to other stories which involve no action. The second piece of early American literature I read was The General History. The Jamestown colony as plagued from the beginning by unfortunate circumstances. While out exploring, John Smith was captured by the Indians. After being brought to many chiefs, John Smith was brought to the emperor of the Pamaunkee. The emperor had planned to kill John Smith at first by placing his head against a rock and bashing it in. Then Pocahontas, the emperor’s daughter, threw her head in the way and prevented his death. The emperor then decided to let Smith live and to have him as a slave. This story also had more action than some other which I read which does make it interesting, but every once in a while it is difficult to understand due to the Old English. This story was insightful into the lives of one tribe of Indians near Jamestown. The third passage I read was an excerpt from The Bay Psalm Book. In this the Puritans had re-edited the Bible and tried to simplify its words. Their version was modified to rhyme and to have what the Puritans referred to as â€Å"plainness. † They believed that life should be plain and stiff. This version of 23 A Psalm of David was difficult to decipher and I thought that the meaning had mean changed some. In conclusion, I have learned that early American literature was exciting in some cases, such as those of real life people and their adventures, and boring and difficult to comprehend in others, such as in the â€Å"plainness† of the Puritans.

How to Write a Query Letter in 7 Steps

How to Write a Query Letter in 7 Steps How to Write a Query Letter in 7 Steps A starving writer stands in front of a mailbox, clutching a hefty brown envelope addressed to a publishing company. They say a prayer, push their manuscript in, and begin the long wait for a reply that could make or break their career. It's a romantic image, but most major publishers don't actually accept "unsolicited manuscripts" these days. If that writer were serious about being published, they’d first seek out an agent. And for that, they'd need a query letter. Ready to get an agent? Here's how to write a query letter in 7 steps With the help of our brand-new infographic, this post will show you how to write a query letter that gets results. Note: a lot of research needs to happen before you start querying agents. This article will focus on the query letter itself, and specifically, queries for fiction. You can learn about queries for non-fiction submissions in this post  and how to write a non-fiction book proposal right here. Writing an Effective Query Letter  A query letter is a note asking an agent if they’re interested in representing a book. Agents may receive a dozen or more queries a day - and might only sign four or five authors per year. So you can see how making a good first impression in your query is crucial. Now, there's no "standard" format that all authors use for their letters. However, a query is a business document and as such should look like a formal one-page business letter. Our one universal piece of advice about querying is to keep the letter short. Think 300 to 400 words at the very most. Many agents field queries using their phones, so think about how will your letter look on a small screen. Does it give the impression of being a huge wall of text, or a disjointed series of singles sentences? If so, revise to make it more concise, orderly, and organized. Without further ado, here’s how to write a query letter in 7 steps.Step 1: Capture the agent’s attention with your greetingâ€Å"Dear Ms. Tyler† That’s perfectly fine, assuming that the agent’s name is Tyler and she is, indeed, a woman. The following line should then make the agent prick up their ears. If you’ve published before, why not start with that? Also make sure to mention any critical recognition or awards you've received for your previous work.I’m seeking representation for my novel, The Bedlam Stacks.  This novel is the follow-up to The Watchmaker of Filigree Street, which was shortlisted for the Betty Trask Prize, and a finalist for the Locust First Novel Prize in 2016.If you haven’t published before, another great way to start is with a personal connection.We met at last year’s Writer’s Digest Annual Conference and chatted briefly about your work with up-and-coming romance authors.Or, better yet, get a referral from an established author or a publishing insider.Jane Doe at Del Rey Books suggested that I contact you regarding representation for my debut science fiction novel, Arbormancer.Networking is crucial in publishing. â€Å"You want something that will bring the submission directly to the agent rather than an assistant or an intern,† says editor and former agent Fran Lebowitz. â€Å"Showing that you are connected never hurts.† If you have no connections to speak of, don’t panic; just jump straight into your pitch.I’m writing to seek representation for my 92,500-word debut thriller, Operation Kill.The title, genre, and word count: three key pieces of information are right there in your first sentence. With that out of the way, let’s really grab their attention!Tip: Always mention your genre, word count and target audience in your query.Step 2: Craft an irresistible hook"Sell the book, don’t apologize for it, and know how to condense its true meaning to a couple of sentences.†Ã‚   - Jonny Geller, CEO of Curtis Brown (John le Carrà ©, David Mitchell, Susanna Clarke)Within the first few pages of a novel, you need to make it impossible for readers to put your book down. In a query letter, you have to make do with just a few lines. This part of the letter is known as the hook. Your hook should show agents how your book is different from the thousands of others in your genre. It could be an awesome concept that makes the reader wonder why someone hasn’t thought of it before. Just look at the hook for Jeff Lindsay’s Darkly Dreaming Dexter:Meet Dexter Morgan, a polite wolf in sheep’s clothing. He’s handsome and charming, but something in his past has made him abide by a different set of rules. He’s a serial killer whose one golden rule makes him immensely likable: he only kills bad people.Another great hook might involve an intriguing central conflict, like the one in Stepheni e Meyers’ Twilight:About three things I was absolutely positive. First, Edward was a vampire. Second, there was a part of him - and I didn’t know how potent that part might be -   that thirsted for my blood. And third, I was unconditionally and irrevocably in love with him.Not only does this introduce the genre and tone (dark paranormal romance), it sets up the narrator’s dilemma: she knows she’s in love with a man who might kill her. What will happen next? Is she walking into a trap? Will her love conquer the vampire’s bloodlust? Perfecting your hook might take days - but it’s the most important part of your pitch, hands down.

Advertising And Its Effect On Advertising Essay -- Advertising, Marketin

Thesis: Pollay’s statement about the negative consequences of advertising should be noted as it provides discussion whether or not advertising and its consequences are beneficial or detrimental. This essay will discuss Pollay’s statement through the limitations of advertising in relation to Lynx’s use of sex appeal within their advertisements and campaigns. However, I will go further to argue the benefits of advertising through the discussion of the consumer and their interpretation of advertisements and how advertising and branding can overcome the information mountain. Finally, I will discuss the benefits of advertising and how it forces creativity for product advertising and branding through the example of Lynx. Within this essay I will use Yeshin’s article, Sex in advertising perspectives on the erotic appeal (2003) as my primary source for discussion. Neg. Para 1: Within Yeshin’s article, Pollay suggests that one of the reasons to why advertising has profound consequences for consumers is its use of sex appeal. Take for example Lynx’s marketing campaign in 2006 (The Lynx Effect). The advert illustrates several thousand woman in bikinis running through a forest and swimming throug... ... middle of paper ... ...gative consequence can be true to a certain extent. Throughout the history of advertisement, the use of sex appeal and its ability to manipulate consumers to buy products still remains evident in today’s production of advertisement. However, to say that advertising has profound negative consequences such as being manipulative and persuasive through the use of sex appeal is just one side to the critical discussion of advertising. The use of branding within advertisement has beneficial consequences as it allows the viewer to overcome the information mountain. Furthermore, advertising forces creativity within the company’s brand and image, and possibly allows financial backing for non-profit organisations and causes such as ‘peace-one-day’. It seems that both the limitations and benefits of advertising lie with the consumer and their interpretation of the media text.

Legal Training Program (for Human Resource Management Class) Essay

Legal Training Program (for Human Resource Management Class) - Essay Example The workforce is becoming increasingly diverse. This contributes to the escalating rate of discrimination. One of the types of discrimination that happens in the workplace is sexual harassment. This is the most unwelcome and embarrassing behavior. Not only it can negatively influence the work performance of an employee, but it can lead to costly lawsuits for the organization. To improve productivity and to address the issue of sexual harassment, a good training program must be implemented. According to Konrad (2007), many of the US organizations are mandating the application of sexual harassment training program especially to their managers (p. 268). The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the federal government had been successful in addressing the concern on sexual harassment by ensuring that organizations under its supervision have conducted a training program for their employees (Swift, 1995, p. 53). A higher percentage of employees have expressed their satisfaction with the program. The assertiveness of the program has helped in reporting harassing behaviors which had been made easier for the victims. The same scenario had transpired in the European community particularly in the nongovernmental and voluntary organizations (Zippel, 2008, p. 66). The EU-wide campaign for sexual harassment training program had proven to be effective because more and more countries are adapting the program such as Germany, France, America and many more. There is discrimination in the workplace if there is hostility toward an individual based on sex, age, religion, race and even disability (Hoffman, 1999). Discrimination likely occurs in the workplace almost every day as employees interact. According to the study â€Å"Sexual Harassment Awareness Training at Workplace: Can it Effect Administrators’ Perception?,† the author found that â€Å"training has significant effects on the perception of sexual harassment ...† (Sabitha,